木丹颗粒联合甲钴胺对2型糖尿病周围神经病变气虚络阻证的疗效及对神经电生理和氧化应激指标的影响

目的探究木丹颗粒联合甲钴胺对2型糖尿病周围神经病变气虚络阻证的疗效及对神经电生理和氧化应激指标的影响,为2型糖尿病周围神经病变的诊疗提供临床指导。方法前瞻性选择自2016年1月至2018年3月衡水市第五人民医院收治的160例2型糖尿病周围神经病变(气虚络阻证)患者作为研究对象。按随机数表法,将患者随机分成观察组100例和对照组60例。对照组采用甲钴胺结合常规降糖治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用木丹颗粒,疗程4周。比较两组治疗前后的多伦多临床评分系统(TCSS)和患者下肢神经的传导速度,血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)等氧化应激指标,观察两组肌电图疗效。结果治疗前,两组患者TCSS评分、运动神经传导速度和血清SOD、MDA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者上述各指标均显著改善(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,观察组患者TCSS评分显著降低,SOD水平显著上升,MDA水平显著降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者下肢神经传导速度(MCV、SCV)和肌电图疗效明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论木丹颗粒联合甲钴胺治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变气虚络阻证效果显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,提高神经传导速度和抗氧化应激能力,值得临床推广。     

Optimisation of the organ donor and effects on transplanted organs: a narrative review on current practice and future directions

Mortality remains high for patients on the waiting list for organ transplantation. A marked imbalance between the number of available organs and recipients that need to be transplanted persists. Organs from deceased donors are often declined due to perceived and actual suboptimal quality. Adequate donor management offers an opportunity to reduce organ injury and maximise the number of organs than can be offered in order to respect the donor's altruistic gift. The cornerstones of management include: correction of hypovolaemia; maintenance of organ perfusion; prompt treatment of diabetes insipidus; corticosteroid therapy; and lung protective ventilation. The interventions used to deliver these goals are largely based on pathophysiological rationale or extrapolations from general critical care patients. There is currently insufficient high-quality evidence that has assessed whether any interventions in the donor after brain death may actually improve immediate post-transplant function and long-term graft survival or recipient survival after transplantation. Improvements in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms following brain death, in particular the role of immunological and metabolic changes in donors, offer promising future therapeutic opportunities to increase organ utilisation. Establishing a UK donor management research programme involves consideration of ethical, logistical and legal issues that will benefit transplanted patients while respecting the wishes of donors and their families.     

Identifying the barriers and perceptions of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic/Latino persons with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes for participation in a home Telemonitoring feasibility study: a quantitative analysis of those who declined participation,withdrew or were non-adherent

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its complications disproportionately affect non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanic/Latinos more than non-Hispanic whites. These disparities stem from complex interactions between biological, behavioral and socioeconomic factors. In recent years, telemedicine has been used to manage Type 2 Diabetes; however limited recruitment and retention of black and Hispanic/Latino patients into clinical trials exploring the use of telemedicine have necessitated the elucidation of their perceptions regarding participation in such trials. This study investigated patient-reported reasons for declining participation, prematurely terminating participation or demonstrating poor adherence to the study protocol in an ongoing randomized clinical trial, ‘Feasibility of Telehealth Management of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in Black and Hispanic Minority Patients’.

Design: Semi-structured interviews comprised of open-ended questions and prompts were conducted by telephone to gauge patients’ actual and perceived challenges to participating in the trial and using telemedicine to manage their diabetes. Data were collated with that of the original clinical trial and subsequently content analyzed for overarching themes and trends.

Results: Eight semi-structured interviews were completed telephonically. Themes that emerged from analysis included disinterest (47%), inconvenience (33%), lack of perceived benefit (13%), lack of awareness of diabetes diagnosis (7%) and perceived lack of ability to fully participate in the study (7%).

Conclusion: Adoption of telemedicine to help minority patients manage diabetes holds promise but is limited by patient factors such as disinterest, inconvenience and lack of perceived benefit. Greater awareness and understanding of these issues will be critical as we strive for greater health equity in disparity patients with uncontrolled diabetes.     

玉液汤对2型糖尿病肥胖患者肠道菌群及脂质代谢的影响

目的：探讨玉液汤对2型糖尿病肥胖患者肠道菌群及脂质代谢影响。方法：选取2017年2月至2019年2月广州市中医医院收治的2型糖尿病肥胖患者106例作为研究对象，按照就诊顺序分为对照组和观察组，每组53例。2组均给予基础治疗+药物治疗，观察组再加用玉液汤治疗。观察2组治疗前、完成治疗后肠道菌群、脂质代谢、中医症状积分、血糖相关指标、体质量、腰围、体质量指数(BMI)变化并比较。结果：2组治疗前各指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），完成治疗后观察组患者的中医症状积分、FINS、HOMA-IR、HbAlc、BMI、腰围、体质量、TC、TG、LDL-C、肠杆菌、酵母菌、肠球菌、畏寒肢冷、腰膝酸软、脘腹2组患者治疗后HDL-C、双岐杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌均较治疗后明显上升，且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：玉液汤能改善2型糖尿病肥胖患者脂质代谢和临床症状，降低血糖，能调节肠道菌群紊乱，从而提高疗效。     

维生素D和PLGF在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的表达及对妊娠结局及新生儿的影响

目的:探讨维生素D、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的表达及对妊娠结局及胎儿的影响。方法:以2018年1月-2019年3月本院产科分娩的妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇85例为GDM组,同期定期产前检查的健康孕妇80例为对照组,检测两组血清维生素D和PLGF水平,Westem blot检测与免疫组织化检测分娩后胎盘组织中PLGF相对表达,比较两组维生素D和PLGF水平变化;以妊娠期糖尿病患者维生素D、血清PLGF水平分为正常组(33例,维生素D≥30ng/ml、PLGF>100pg/ml)与不足组(53例,维生素D<29ng、PLGF<100pg/ml),比较两组妊娠结局与新生儿情况。结果:GDM组血清维生素D和PLGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),胎盘中PLGF蛋白相对表达(1.02±0.76)高于对照组(0.78±0.64),PLGF阳性表达(2.97±1.12)高于对照组(1.75±0.97)(均P<0.05);不足组不良妊娠结局发生率(74.5%)高于正常组(21.2%),新生儿并发症发生率(67.9%)高于正常组(18.2%)(均P<0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇血清维生素D、PLGF水平较低,其不足与不良妊娠结局与胎儿并发症可能有关。